Линейка телефонов айфон хронология

Корпорация Apple с момента начала выпуска собственных смартфонов имела четкую стратегию, выгодно отличающую ее от других крупных брендов. Такие компании, как Samsung, LG, HTC и ряд китайских брендов в год создавали по 2-3 модели с разным дизайном, оснащением и ценой, что позволяло обеспечить больший охват потенциальных покупателей.

В Купертино в этом отношении особо не заморачивались и штамповали лишь по одной модели в год с одним цветом и единственным вариантом комплектации. Но через пару лет в Apple начали понимать, что такое отношение к покупателям выглядит негуманно и снизошли до выпуска второго, более дешевого варианта с приставкой SE в названии. В последнее время, правда, с выпуском этой модели что-то не заладилось, а сама компания основной акцент вновь делает на топовые устройства.

После выхода первого iPhone сменилось уже два поколения молодых людей, и новая молодежь знает об этом смартфоне лишь поверхностно. Это и понятно, так как покупают данное устройство в основном для демонстрации своей состоятельности, поскольку марка считается престижной. Предлагаем небольшой экскурс к истокам iPhone, который поможет понять, как эволюционирует компания и ее детище.

1 iPhone

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2020)

The history of the iPhone development by Apple Inc. spans from the early 2000s to about 2010. The first iPhone was released in 2007. By the end of 2009, iPhone models had been released in all major markets.

Genesis of iPhone[edit]

It was coming from Jean Marie Hullot, software engineer from NextStep then Macos,^[1] the idea of an Apple phone. After years he convinced Steve Jobs doing so. A first team was created in Paris, few years later he took the project more seriously : the french engineers were asked to work back in the US, Hollot declined and resigned from Apple with his team.^[2] Another engineer, Henri Lamiraux,^[3] was taking back the project with Scott Fortsall,^[4] to develop Apple software on a phone.^[5]

Initial development[edit]

Initially started from a conflict between Steve Jobs and his brother-in-law working at Microsoft,^[6] then convinced by a French high-level engineer,^[7] Jean Marie Hullot, working for Apple France^[8] to do so. The project within Apple Inc. for developing the iPhone began with a request in 2004 from CEO Steve Jobs to the company’s hardware engineer Tony Fadell, software engineer Scott Forstall and design engineer Sir Jonathan Ive^[9] to work on the highly confidential «Project Purple.»^[10][11]

While pitting two teams of engineers led by Fadell and Forstall, Jobs decided to investigate the use of touchscreen devices and tablet computers (which later came to fruition with the iPad).^{[12][13][14][15]} Jobs ended up pushing for a touch-screen device that many have noted has similarities to Apple’s previous touch-screen portable device, the Newton MessagePad.^{[16][17][18][19]} Like the MessagePad, the iPhone is nearly all screen. Its form factor is credited to Apple’s Chief Design Officer, Jonathan Ive.^[14][20]

Jobs expressed his belief that tablet PCs and traditional PDAs were not good choices as high-demand markets for Apple to enter, despite receiving many requests for Apple to create another PDA. In 2002, after the iPod launched, Jobs realized that the overlap of mobile phones and music players would force Apple to get into the mobile phone business. After seeing millions of Americans carrying separate BlackBerrys, phones, and Apple’s iPod MP3 players; he felt eventually consumers would prefer just one device.^[21]

Jobs also saw that as cell phones and mobile devices would keep amassing more features, they will be challenging the iPod’s dominance as a music player. To protect the iPod new product line, which by the start of 2007 was responsible for 48% of all of Apple’s revenue,^[22] Jobs decided he would need to venture into the wireless world.^[21] So at that time, instead of focusing on a follow-up to their Newton PDA, Jobs had Apple focus on the iPod. Jobs also had Apple develop the iTunes software, which can be used to synchronize content with iPod devices. iTunes had been released in January 2001.^{[23][24][25][26]}

Several enabling technologies made the iPhone possible. These included lithium-ion batteries that were small and powerful enough to power a mobile computer for a reasonable amount of time; multi-touch screens; energy-efficient but powerful CPUs, such as those using the ARM architecture; mobile phone networks; and web browsers.^[27] Apple approached glass manufacturer Corning in 2005 to investigate the possibility of a thin, flexible, and transparent material that could avoid the problem of metal keys scratching up phone screens. Corning reactivated some old research material that had not yet found an application to produce Gorilla Glass.^[27]

Beta to production[edit]

The iPhone beta was created in 2004 to test the device and its functions. The beta version enabled Apple to develop the phone’s capabilities before launching a final product. While it may technically have been the first iPhone that was created, it was never released to the public, so it has not been considered the first iPhone.^{[28][failed verification]}

In an effort to bypass the carriers, Jobs approached Motorola. On September 7, 2005, Apple and Motorola collaborated to develop the Motorola ROKR E1, the first mobile phone to use iTunes. Steve Jobs was unhappy with the ROKR, among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1’s firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple’s iPod nano.^[29][30] iTunes Music Store purchases could also not be downloaded wirelessly directly into the ROKR E1 and had to be done through a PC sync.^[21] Apple therefore decided to develop its own phone, which would incorporate the iPod’s musical functions into a smartphone.^[31]

Feeling that having to compromise with a non-Apple designer (Motorola) prevented Apple from designing the phone they wanted to make,^[32] Apple discontinued support for the ROKR in September 2006, and, after creating a deal with AT&T (at the time still called Cingular), released a version of iTunes that included references to an as-yet unknown mobile phone that could display pictures and video.^[33] This turned out to be the first iPhone (iPhone 2G).

On June 29, 2007, the first iPhone was released.^[34] The iPod Touch, which came with an iPhone-style touchscreen to the iPod range, was also released later in 2007. The iPad followed in 2010.^[31]

Public announcement[edit]

On January 9, 2007, Steve Jobs announced the first iPhone at the Macworld convention, receiving substantial media attention.^[35] Jobs announced that the first iPhone would be released later that year. On June 29, 2007, the first iPhone was released.^[34]

On June 11, 2007, Apple announced at the Apple’s Worldwide Developers Conference that the iPhone would support third party applications using the Safari engine. Third parties would be able to create Web 2.0 applications, which users could access via the Internet.^[36] Such applications appeared even before the release of the iPhone; the first of these, called OneTrip, was a program meant to keep track of users’ shopping lists.^[37]

Connection to AT&T[edit]

When Apple announced the iPhone on January 9, 2007,^[38] it was sold only with AT&T (formerly Cingular) contracts in the United States.^[32] After 18 months of negotiations, Steve Jobs reached an agreement with the wireless division of AT&T^[39] to be the iPhone’s exclusive carrier. Consumers were unable to use any other carrier without unlocking their device.

Apple retained control of the design, manufacturing and marketing of the iPhone.^[40] Since some customers were jailbreaking their iPhones to leave their network, AT&T began charging them a $175 early-termination fee for leaving before the end of their contract.^[41]

Court cases[edit]

Questions arose about the legality of Apple’s arrangement after the iPhone was released.^[42] Two class-action lawsuits were filed against the company in October 2007: one in Federal court and the other in state court.^[43] According to the suits, Apple’s exclusive agreement with AT&T violated antitrust law.^[44]

The state-court suit, filed by the law office of Damian R. Fernandez on behalf of California resident Timothy P. Smith,^[44] sought an injunction barring Apple from selling iPhones with a software lock and $200 million in damages.^[45] In Smith v. Apple Inc., the plaintiffs said that Apple failed to disclose to purchasers its five-year agreement with AT&T when they bought iPhones with a two-year contract and cited the Sherman Act’s prohibition of monopolies.^[46]

The second case was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The plaintiff, Paul Holman, filed a complaint against Apple and AT&T Mobility that he could not switch carriers or change SIM cards without losing iPhone improvements to which he was entitled. Holman also cited a Sherman Act violation by the defendants.^[47] On July 8, 2010, the case was affirmed for class certification.^[48] On December 9 the court ordered a stay on the case, awaiting the Supreme Court’s decision in AT&T v. Concepcion (disputed whether the state’s basic standards of fairness were met by a clause in AT&T’s contract limiting complaint resolution to arbitration).^[49] On April 27, 2011, the Supreme Court ruled that AT&T met the state’s fairness standards.^[50]

In 2017, Apple was sued after they admitted to slowing down older phone models. The plaintiffs, Stefan Bogdanovich and Dakota Speas, filed the lawsuit when their iPhone 6S was slower after an update. The plaintiffs were entitled to compensation due to the interferences and the economic damages they suffered.^{[citation needed]}

United States release[edit]

On June 28, 2007, during an address to Apple employees, Steve Jobs announced that all full-time Apple employees and those part-time employees who had been with the company for at least one year would receive a free iPhone. Employees received their phones in July after the initial demand for iPhones subsided.^[51]

Initially priced at $499 (equivalent to $652 in 2021) and $599 (equivalent to $783 in 2021) for the 4 GB models and 8 GB models respectively, the iPhone went on sale on June 29, 2007. Apple closed its stores at 2:00pm local time to prepare for the 6:00pm iPhone launch, while hundreds of customers lined up at stores nationwide.^[52]

In the US and some other countries, iPhones could be acquired only with a credit card, preventing completely anonymous purchases of iPhones.^[53][54][55] At the time, there was no way to opt out of the bundled AT&T data plan. At first, iPhones could not be added to an AT&T Business account, and any existing business account discounts could not be applied to an iPhone AT&T account. AT&T changed these restrictions in late January 2008.^[56]

The Associated Press also reported in 2007 that some users were unable to activate their phones because, according to AT&T, «[a] high volume of activation requests [was] taxing the company’s computer servers.»^[57][58]

Early estimates by technology analysts estimated sales of between 250,000 and 700,000 iPhones in the first weekend alone, with strong sales continuing after the initial weekend.^[59][60] As part of their quarterly earnings announcement, AT&T reported that 146,000 iPhones were activated in the first weekend. Though this figure does not include units that were purchased for resale on eBay or otherwise not activated until after the opening weekend, it is still less than most initial estimates.^[61] It is also estimated that 95% of the units sold were the 8 GB model.^[62]

Oversized bills[edit]

Stories of unexpected billing issues began to circulate in blogs and the technical press a little more than a month after iPhone’s heavily advertised and anticipated release.^[63] The 300-page iPhone bill in a box received by iJustine on Saturday, August 11, 2007^[64][65] became the subject of a viral video, posted by the following Monday, which quickly became an Internet meme.^[66][67] This video clip brought the voluminous bills to the attention of the mass media. Ten days later, after the video had been viewed more than 3 million times on the Internet,^[68] and had received international news coverage, AT&T sent iPhone users a text message outlining changes in its billing practices.^[69]

Price drop outcry[edit]

On September 5, 2007, the 4 GB model was discontinued, and the 8 GB model price was cut by a third, from US$599 to US$399.^[70] Those who had purchased an iPhone in the 14-day period before the September 5, 2007, announcement were eligible for a US$200 «price protection» rebate from Apple or AT&T. However, it was widely reported that some who bought between the June 29, 2007, launch and the August 22, 2007, price protection kick-in date complained that this was a larger-than-normal price drop for such a relatively short period and accused Apple of unfair pricing.^[71][72]

In response to customer complaints, on September 6, 2007, Apple CEO Steve Jobs wrote in an open letter to iPhone customers that everyone who purchased an iPhone at the higher price «and who is not receiving a rebate or other consideration», would receive a US$100 credit to be redeemed towards the purchase of any product sold in Apple’s retail or online stores.^[73]

iPhone 3G pricing model changes[edit]

With the July 11, 2008, release of the iPhone 3G, Apple and AT&T changed the US pricing model from the previous generation. Following the de facto model for mobile phone service in the United States, AT&T would subsidize a sizable portion of the upfront cost for the iPhone 3G, followed by charging moderately higher monthly fees over a minimum two-year contract.^[74]

iPhone 4 CDMA release[edit]

There had been ongoing speculation in the United States that Apple might offer a CDMA-compatible iPhone for Verizon Wireless.^[75] This speculation increased on October 6, 2010, when The Wall Street Journal reported that Apple would begin producing a CDMA-compatible iPhone, with such a model going on sale in early 2011.^[76]

On January 11, 2011, Verizon announced during a media event that it had reached an agreement with Apple and would begin selling a CDMA iPhone 4. The Verizon iPhone went on sale on February 10, 2011.^[77][78][79] The CDMA version was a bespoke model, lacking a SIM slot and with a revised metal chassis, the design of which would be reused on the iPhone 4S.^[80]

During Apple’s official unveiling of iPhone 4S on October 4, 2011, it was announced that Sprint would begin carrying the reconfigured CDMA iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S in the US on October 14.^[81][82] Cricket Wireless announced on May 31, 2012, that it would become the first prepaid carrier in the US to offer iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S, beginning June 22, 2012.^[83] A week later, Virgin Mobile USA became the second American prepaid carrier to offer iPhone 4 and 4S, announcing plans to release the phones on June 29, 2012.^[84] T-Mobile USA’s inability to provide iPhone to customers raised its subscription churn rate, decreased the percentage of lucrative postpaid customers, and contributed to parent Deutsche Telekom’s decision to sell it to AT&T in March 2011,^[85] although AT&T canceled the deal in December 2011 because of antitrust concerns.^[86] T-Mobile began offering iPhone on April 12, 2013.

iPhone 5[edit]

iPhone 5 was released on September 21, 2012. It had two versions, 5S and 5C. 5S was released a year later.

iPhone 6[edit]

iPhone 6 was released on September 19, 2014.

More[edit]

See list of iphones for more history.

International release timeline[edit]

The international release of iPhone was staggered over several months. Today, the iPhone is available in most countries.^[87]

Date	Country	Carrier(s) (released date)
June 2007	United States (1)	AT&T (2007), Verizon (February 2011), Sprint (October 2011), C Spire Wireless (Late 2011), Cricket (June 2012), Virgin Mobile (June 2012), T-Mobile (April 2013), Boost Mobile (November 2013), U.S. Cellular (November 2013)
November 2007	United Kingdom†  Germany  France‡ (4)	O2, 3, T-Mobile, Orange, Vodafone, EE, Tesco Mobile§, Virgin Mobile (November 2013)
March 2008	Austria†  Ireland (6)	T-Mobile, O2, Orange
July 2008	Australia†  Austria†  Belgium‡  Canada†  Denmark  Finland  Hong Kong†‡  Italy†‡  Japan  Mexico  Netherlands  New Zealand  Norway†‡  Portugal†  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland† (23)	3, movistar, Optus, Orange (Mobistar, One, Optimus), Rogers Communications (Fido Solutions,[88] Rogers Wireless), SoftBank, Swisscom, América Móvil (Telcel), TIM, TeliaSonera (NetCom), Telstra, T-Mobile, Vodafone
August 2008	Argentina†  Chile†  Colombia†  Czech Republic†‡  Ecuador†  El Salvador†  Estonia  Greece†‡  Guatemala†  Honduras  Hungary  India†  Liechtenstein†  Macau  Paraguay  Peru†  Philippines  Poland†  Romania  Singapore  Slovakia†  Uruguay† (45)	3, América Móvil (Claro, Comcel, Porta), Era, movistar, O2, Orange, Singtel, Bharti Airtel, Aircel, Globe, Smart – December 2011, Swisscom, TeliaSonera (EMT), T-Mobile, Vodafone, Telenor
September 2008	Brazil†‡  Latvia  Lithuania  South Africa  Turkey† (50)	TIM, América Móvil (Claro), TeliaSonera (LMT, Omnitel), Turkcell, Vivo, Vodafone (Vodacom), MTN Group, Oi
October 2008	Luxembourg†  Russia‡ (52)	Beeline, MegaFon, MTS
November 2008	Croatia  Egypt† (54)	T-Mobile, Vodafone, Mobinil
Later 2008	Botswana  Cameroon  Central African Republic  Dominican Republic†  Guinea  Ivory Coast  Jamaica  Jordan  Kenya  Madagascar  Mali  Malta  Mauritius  Republic of Moldova  Nicaragua†  Niger  Panama  Réunion  Taiwan†  Qatar  Senegal  United States Virgin Islands  Venezuela (79)	América Móvil (Claro, MiPhone), Chunghwa Telecom, movistar, Orange, Vodafone
January 2009	Thailand (80)	True Move
February 2009	Saudi Arabia  United Arab Emirates (82)	Mobily, Etisalat, du
March 2009	Bulgaria  Republic of North Macedonia  Indonesia†  Malaysia (86)	GLOBUL, T-Mobile, Telkomsel, Maxis
October 2009	People’s Republic of China†[89] (87)	China Unicom
November 2009	South Korea[90] (88)	KT
December 2009	Guam[91]  Qatar  Uganda  Israel (92)  Singapore	GTA Teleguam, Vodafone, Orange, Pelephone, Cellcom, StarHub, M1
March 2010	Vietnam[92]  Armenia (94)[93]	Viettel Mobile, MobiFone, VinaPhone, Orange
September 2010	Tunisia[94] (95)	Orange
June 2011	Slovenia[95]  Trinidad & Tobago[96] (97)	Simobil (now A1), Telekom Slovenije, bmobile
December 2013	Sri Lanka[97]	Dialog Axiata
May 2014	Kosovo[98] (98)	IPKO
October 2014	Serbia	MTS, Telenor Serbia, Vip Mobile

† iPhone offered by multiple carriers under contract from Apple (country not carrier-exclusive)

‡ iPhone offered without contract and without carrier lock

§ MVNO with O₂

Activation and SIM lock bypassing[edit]

Intellectual property[edit]

Apple has filed more than 200 patent applications related to the technology behind the iPhone.^[99][100]

LG Electronics claimed the design of the iPhone was copied from the LG Prada. Woo-Young Kwak, head of LG Mobile Handset R&D Center, said at a press conference: «we consider that Apple copied Prada phone after the design was unveiled when it was presented in the iF Design Award and won the prize in September 2006.»^[101] Conversely, the iPhone has also inspired its own share of high-tech clones.^[102]

On September 3, 1993, Infogear filed for the U.S. trademark «I PHONE»^[103] and on March 20, 1996, applied for the trademark «IPhone».^[104] «I Phone» was registered in March 1998,^[103] and «IPhone» was registered in 1999.^[104] Since then, the I PHONE mark had been abandoned.^[103] Infogear trademarks cover «communications terminals comprising computer hardware and software providing integrated telephone, data communications and personal computer functions» (1993 filing),^[103] and «computer hardware and software for providing integrated telephone communication with computerized global information networks» (1996 filing).^[105]

In 2000, Infogear filed an infringement claim against the owners of the iPhones.com domain name.^[106] The owners of the iPhones.com domain name challenged the infringement claim in the Northern District Court of California. In June 2000, Cisco Systems acquired Infogear, including the iPhone trademark.^[107] In September 2000, Cisco Systems settled with the owners of iPhones.com and allowed the owners to keep the iPhones.com domain name along with intellectual property rights to use any designation of the iPhones.com domain name for the sale of cellular phones, cellular phones with Internet access (WAP PHONES), handheld PDAs, storage devices, computer equipment (hardware/software), and digital cameras (hardware/software). The intellectual property rights were granted to the owners of the iPhones.com domain name by Cisco Systems in September 2000.

In October 2002, Apple applied for the «iPhone» trademark in the United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, and the European Union. A Canadian application followed in October 2004, and a New Zealand application in September 2006. As of October 2006, only the Singapore and Australian applications had been granted.

In September 2006, a company called Ocean Telecom Services applied for an «iPhone» trademark in the United States, United Kingdom, and Hong Kong, following a filing in Trinidad and Tobago.^[108] As the Ocean Telecom trademark applications use exactly the same wording as the New Zealand application of Apple, it is assumed that Ocean Telecom is applying on behalf of Apple.^[109] The Canadian application was opposed in August 2005, by a Canadian company called Comwave who themselves applied for the trademark three months later. Comwave has been selling VoIP devices called iPhone since 2004.^[107]

Shortly after Steve Jobs’ January 9, 2007, announcement that Apple would be selling a product called iPhone in June 2007, Cisco issued a statement that it had been negotiating trademark licensing with Apple and expected Apple to agree to the final documents that had been submitted the night before.^[110] On January 10, 2007, Cisco announced it had filed a lawsuit against Apple over the infringement of the trademark iPhone, seeking an injunction in federal court to prohibit Apple from using the name.^[111] In February 2007, Cisco claimed that the trademark lawsuit was a «minor skirmish» that was not about money, but about interoperability.^[112]

On February 2, 2007, Apple and Cisco announced that they had agreed to temporarily suspend litigation while they held settlement talks,^[113] and subsequently announced on February 20, 2007, that they had reached an agreement. Both companies will be allowed to use the «iPhone» name^[114] in exchange for «exploring interoperability» between their security, consumer, and business communications products.^[115]

On October 22, 2009, Nokia filed a lawsuit against Apple for infringement of its GSM, UMTS and WLAN patents. Nokia alleges that Apple has been violating ten Nokia patents since the iPhone initial release.^[116]

In December 2010, Reuters reported that some iPhone and iPad users were suing Apple Inc. because some applications were passing user information to third-party advertisers without permission. Some makers of the applications such as Textplus4, Paper Toss, The Weather Channel, Dictionary.com, Talking Tom Cat and Pumpkin Maker have also been named as co-defendants in the lawsuit.^[117]

In August 2012, Apple won a smartphone patent lawsuit in the U.S. against Samsung, the world’s largest maker of smartphones;^[118] however, on December 6, 2016, SCOTUS reversed the decision that awarded nearly $400 million to Apple and returned the case to Federal Circuit court to define the appropriate legal standard to define «article of manufacture» because it is not the smartphone itself but could be just the case and screen to which the design patents relate.^[119]

Legal battles over brand name[edit]

In Mexico, the trademark iFone was registered in 2003 by a communications systems and services company, iFone.^[120] Apple tried to gain control over its brand name, but a Mexican court denied the request. The case began in 2009, when the Mexican firm sued Apple. The Supreme Court of Mexico upheld that iFone is the rightful owner and held that Apple iPhone is a trademark violation.^[121]

In Brazil, the brand IPHONE was registered in 2000 by the company then called Gradiente Eletrônica S.A., now IGB Eletrônica S.A. According to the filing, Gradiente foresaw the revolution in the convergence of voice and data over the Internet at the time.^[122] The final battle over the brand name concluded in 2008. On December 18, 2012, IGB launched its own line of Android smartphones under the tradename to which it has exclusive rights in the local market.^[122] In February 2013, the Brazilian Patent and Trademark Office (known as «Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial») issued a ruling that Gradiente Eletrônica, not Apple, owned the «iPhone» mark in Brazil. The «iPhone» term was registered by Gradiente in 2000, seven years before Apple’s release of its first iPhone. This decision came three months after Gradiente Eletrônica launched a lower-cost smartphone using the iPhone brand.^[123] In June 2014, Apple won, for the second time, the right to use the brand name in Brazil. The court ruling determined that the Gradiente’s registration does not own exclusive rights on the brand. Although Gradiente intended to appeal, with the decision Apple can use freely the brand without paying royalties to the Brazilian company.^[124]

In the Philippines, Solid Group launched the MyPhone brand in 2007. Stylized as «my|phone», Solid Broadband filed a trademark application of that brand. Apple later filed a trademark case at the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) against Solid Broadband’s MyPhone for «confusingly similar» to the iPhone and that it may likely «deceive» or «cause confusion» among consumers. Apple lost the trademark battle to Solid Group in a 2015 decision made by IPO director Nathaniel Arevalo, who also reportedly said that it was unlikely that consumers would be confused between the «iPhone» and the «MyPhone». «This is a case of a giant trying to claim more territory than what it is entitled to, to the great prejudice of a local ‘Pinoy Phone’ merchant who has managed to obtain a significant foothold in the mobile phone market through the marketing and sale of innovative products under a very distinctive trademark», Arevalo later added.^[125][126]

See also[edit]

• Timeline of Apple Inc. products
•  Telephones portal

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Brian Merchant (2018). The One Device: The Secret History of the iPhone. Back Bay Books. ISBN 978-0-316-54624-9.

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2020)

The history of the iPhone development by Apple Inc. spans from the early 2000s to about 2010. The first iPhone was released in 2007. By the end of 2009, iPhone models had been released in all major markets.

Genesis of iPhone[edit]

It was coming from Jean Marie Hullot, software engineer from NextStep then Macos,^[1] the idea of an Apple phone. After years he convinced Steve Jobs doing so. A first team was created in Paris, few years later he took the project more seriously : the french engineers were asked to work back in the US, Hollot declined and resigned from Apple with his team.^[2] Another engineer, Henri Lamiraux,^[3] was taking back the project with Scott Fortsall,^[4] to develop Apple software on a phone.^[5]

Initial development[edit]

Initially started from a conflict between Steve Jobs and his brother-in-law working at Microsoft,^[6] then convinced by a French high-level engineer,^[7] Jean Marie Hullot, working for Apple France^[8] to do so. The project within Apple Inc. for developing the iPhone began with a request in 2004 from CEO Steve Jobs to the company’s hardware engineer Tony Fadell, software engineer Scott Forstall and design engineer Sir Jonathan Ive^[9] to work on the highly confidential «Project Purple.»^[10][11]

While pitting two teams of engineers led by Fadell and Forstall, Jobs decided to investigate the use of touchscreen devices and tablet computers (which later came to fruition with the iPad).^{[12][13][14][15]} Jobs ended up pushing for a touch-screen device that many have noted has similarities to Apple’s previous touch-screen portable device, the Newton MessagePad.^{[16][17][18][19]} Like the MessagePad, the iPhone is nearly all screen. Its form factor is credited to Apple’s Chief Design Officer, Jonathan Ive.^[14][20]

Jobs expressed his belief that tablet PCs and traditional PDAs were not good choices as high-demand markets for Apple to enter, despite receiving many requests for Apple to create another PDA. In 2002, after the iPod launched, Jobs realized that the overlap of mobile phones and music players would force Apple to get into the mobile phone business. After seeing millions of Americans carrying separate BlackBerrys, phones, and Apple’s iPod MP3 players; he felt eventually consumers would prefer just one device.^[21]

Jobs also saw that as cell phones and mobile devices would keep amassing more features, they will be challenging the iPod’s dominance as a music player. To protect the iPod new product line, which by the start of 2007 was responsible for 48% of all of Apple’s revenue,^[22] Jobs decided he would need to venture into the wireless world.^[21] So at that time, instead of focusing on a follow-up to their Newton PDA, Jobs had Apple focus on the iPod. Jobs also had Apple develop the iTunes software, which can be used to synchronize content with iPod devices. iTunes had been released in January 2001.^{[23][24][25][26]}

Several enabling technologies made the iPhone possible. These included lithium-ion batteries that were small and powerful enough to power a mobile computer for a reasonable amount of time; multi-touch screens; energy-efficient but powerful CPUs, such as those using the ARM architecture; mobile phone networks; and web browsers.^[27] Apple approached glass manufacturer Corning in 2005 to investigate the possibility of a thin, flexible, and transparent material that could avoid the problem of metal keys scratching up phone screens. Corning reactivated some old research material that had not yet found an application to produce Gorilla Glass.^[27]

Beta to production[edit]

The iPhone beta was created in 2004 to test the device and its functions. The beta version enabled Apple to develop the phone’s capabilities before launching a final product. While it may technically have been the first iPhone that was created, it was never released to the public, so it has not been considered the first iPhone.^{[28][failed verification]}

In an effort to bypass the carriers, Jobs approached Motorola. On September 7, 2005, Apple and Motorola collaborated to develop the Motorola ROKR E1, the first mobile phone to use iTunes. Steve Jobs was unhappy with the ROKR, among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1’s firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple’s iPod nano.^[29][30] iTunes Music Store purchases could also not be downloaded wirelessly directly into the ROKR E1 and had to be done through a PC sync.^[21] Apple therefore decided to develop its own phone, which would incorporate the iPod’s musical functions into a smartphone.^[31]

Feeling that having to compromise with a non-Apple designer (Motorola) prevented Apple from designing the phone they wanted to make,^[32] Apple discontinued support for the ROKR in September 2006, and, after creating a deal with AT&T (at the time still called Cingular), released a version of iTunes that included references to an as-yet unknown mobile phone that could display pictures and video.^[33] This turned out to be the first iPhone (iPhone 2G).

On June 29, 2007, the first iPhone was released.^[34] The iPod Touch, which came with an iPhone-style touchscreen to the iPod range, was also released later in 2007. The iPad followed in 2010.^[31]

Public announcement[edit]

On January 9, 2007, Steve Jobs announced the first iPhone at the Macworld convention, receiving substantial media attention.^[35] Jobs announced that the first iPhone would be released later that year. On June 29, 2007, the first iPhone was released.^[34]

On June 11, 2007, Apple announced at the Apple’s Worldwide Developers Conference that the iPhone would support third party applications using the Safari engine. Third parties would be able to create Web 2.0 applications, which users could access via the Internet.^[36] Such applications appeared even before the release of the iPhone; the first of these, called OneTrip, was a program meant to keep track of users’ shopping lists.^[37]

Connection to AT&T[edit]

When Apple announced the iPhone on January 9, 2007,^[38] it was sold only with AT&T (formerly Cingular) contracts in the United States.^[32] After 18 months of negotiations, Steve Jobs reached an agreement with the wireless division of AT&T^[39] to be the iPhone’s exclusive carrier. Consumers were unable to use any other carrier without unlocking their device.

Apple retained control of the design, manufacturing and marketing of the iPhone.^[40] Since some customers were jailbreaking their iPhones to leave their network, AT&T began charging them a $175 early-termination fee for leaving before the end of their contract.^[41]

Court cases[edit]

Questions arose about the legality of Apple’s arrangement after the iPhone was released.^[42] Two class-action lawsuits were filed against the company in October 2007: one in Federal court and the other in state court.^[43] According to the suits, Apple’s exclusive agreement with AT&T violated antitrust law.^[44]

The state-court suit, filed by the law office of Damian R. Fernandez on behalf of California resident Timothy P. Smith,^[44] sought an injunction barring Apple from selling iPhones with a software lock and $200 million in damages.^[45] In Smith v. Apple Inc., the plaintiffs said that Apple failed to disclose to purchasers its five-year agreement with AT&T when they bought iPhones with a two-year contract and cited the Sherman Act’s prohibition of monopolies.^[46]

The second case was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The plaintiff, Paul Holman, filed a complaint against Apple and AT&T Mobility that he could not switch carriers or change SIM cards without losing iPhone improvements to which he was entitled. Holman also cited a Sherman Act violation by the defendants.^[47] On July 8, 2010, the case was affirmed for class certification.^[48] On December 9 the court ordered a stay on the case, awaiting the Supreme Court’s decision in AT&T v. Concepcion (disputed whether the state’s basic standards of fairness were met by a clause in AT&T’s contract limiting complaint resolution to arbitration).^[49] On April 27, 2011, the Supreme Court ruled that AT&T met the state’s fairness standards.^[50]

In 2017, Apple was sued after they admitted to slowing down older phone models. The plaintiffs, Stefan Bogdanovich and Dakota Speas, filed the lawsuit when their iPhone 6S was slower after an update. The plaintiffs were entitled to compensation due to the interferences and the economic damages they suffered.^{[citation needed]}

United States release[edit]

On June 28, 2007, during an address to Apple employees, Steve Jobs announced that all full-time Apple employees and those part-time employees who had been with the company for at least one year would receive a free iPhone. Employees received their phones in July after the initial demand for iPhones subsided.^[51]

Initially priced at $499 (equivalent to $652 in 2021) and $599 (equivalent to $783 in 2021) for the 4 GB models and 8 GB models respectively, the iPhone went on sale on June 29, 2007. Apple closed its stores at 2:00pm local time to prepare for the 6:00pm iPhone launch, while hundreds of customers lined up at stores nationwide.^[52]

In the US and some other countries, iPhones could be acquired only with a credit card, preventing completely anonymous purchases of iPhones.^[53][54][55] At the time, there was no way to opt out of the bundled AT&T data plan. At first, iPhones could not be added to an AT&T Business account, and any existing business account discounts could not be applied to an iPhone AT&T account. AT&T changed these restrictions in late January 2008.^[56]

The Associated Press also reported in 2007 that some users were unable to activate their phones because, according to AT&T, «[a] high volume of activation requests [was] taxing the company’s computer servers.»^[57][58]

Early estimates by technology analysts estimated sales of between 250,000 and 700,000 iPhones in the first weekend alone, with strong sales continuing after the initial weekend.^[59][60] As part of their quarterly earnings announcement, AT&T reported that 146,000 iPhones were activated in the first weekend. Though this figure does not include units that were purchased for resale on eBay or otherwise not activated until after the opening weekend, it is still less than most initial estimates.^[61] It is also estimated that 95% of the units sold were the 8 GB model.^[62]

Oversized bills[edit]

Stories of unexpected billing issues began to circulate in blogs and the technical press a little more than a month after iPhone’s heavily advertised and anticipated release.^[63] The 300-page iPhone bill in a box received by iJustine on Saturday, August 11, 2007^[64][65] became the subject of a viral video, posted by the following Monday, which quickly became an Internet meme.^[66][67] This video clip brought the voluminous bills to the attention of the mass media. Ten days later, after the video had been viewed more than 3 million times on the Internet,^[68] and had received international news coverage, AT&T sent iPhone users a text message outlining changes in its billing practices.^[69]

Price drop outcry[edit]

On September 5, 2007, the 4 GB model was discontinued, and the 8 GB model price was cut by a third, from US$599 to US$399.^[70] Those who had purchased an iPhone in the 14-day period before the September 5, 2007, announcement were eligible for a US$200 «price protection» rebate from Apple or AT&T. However, it was widely reported that some who bought between the June 29, 2007, launch and the August 22, 2007, price protection kick-in date complained that this was a larger-than-normal price drop for such a relatively short period and accused Apple of unfair pricing.^[71][72]

In response to customer complaints, on September 6, 2007, Apple CEO Steve Jobs wrote in an open letter to iPhone customers that everyone who purchased an iPhone at the higher price «and who is not receiving a rebate or other consideration», would receive a US$100 credit to be redeemed towards the purchase of any product sold in Apple’s retail or online stores.^[73]

iPhone 3G pricing model changes[edit]

With the July 11, 2008, release of the iPhone 3G, Apple and AT&T changed the US pricing model from the previous generation. Following the de facto model for mobile phone service in the United States, AT&T would subsidize a sizable portion of the upfront cost for the iPhone 3G, followed by charging moderately higher monthly fees over a minimum two-year contract.^[74]

iPhone 4 CDMA release[edit]

There had been ongoing speculation in the United States that Apple might offer a CDMA-compatible iPhone for Verizon Wireless.^[75] This speculation increased on October 6, 2010, when The Wall Street Journal reported that Apple would begin producing a CDMA-compatible iPhone, with such a model going on sale in early 2011.^[76]

On January 11, 2011, Verizon announced during a media event that it had reached an agreement with Apple and would begin selling a CDMA iPhone 4. The Verizon iPhone went on sale on February 10, 2011.^[77][78][79] The CDMA version was a bespoke model, lacking a SIM slot and with a revised metal chassis, the design of which would be reused on the iPhone 4S.^[80]

During Apple’s official unveiling of iPhone 4S on October 4, 2011, it was announced that Sprint would begin carrying the reconfigured CDMA iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S in the US on October 14.^[81][82] Cricket Wireless announced on May 31, 2012, that it would become the first prepaid carrier in the US to offer iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S, beginning June 22, 2012.^[83] A week later, Virgin Mobile USA became the second American prepaid carrier to offer iPhone 4 and 4S, announcing plans to release the phones on June 29, 2012.^[84] T-Mobile USA’s inability to provide iPhone to customers raised its subscription churn rate, decreased the percentage of lucrative postpaid customers, and contributed to parent Deutsche Telekom’s decision to sell it to AT&T in March 2011,^[85] although AT&T canceled the deal in December 2011 because of antitrust concerns.^[86] T-Mobile began offering iPhone on April 12, 2013.

iPhone 5[edit]

iPhone 5 was released on September 21, 2012. It had two versions, 5S and 5C. 5S was released a year later.

iPhone 6[edit]

iPhone 6 was released on September 19, 2014.

More[edit]

See list of iphones for more history.

International release timeline[edit]

The international release of iPhone was staggered over several months. Today, the iPhone is available in most countries.^[87]

Date	Country	Carrier(s) (released date)
June 2007	United States (1)	AT&T (2007), Verizon (February 2011), Sprint (October 2011), C Spire Wireless (Late 2011), Cricket (June 2012), Virgin Mobile (June 2012), T-Mobile (April 2013), Boost Mobile (November 2013), U.S. Cellular (November 2013)
November 2007	United Kingdom†  Germany  France‡ (4)	O2, 3, T-Mobile, Orange, Vodafone, EE, Tesco Mobile§, Virgin Mobile (November 2013)
March 2008	Austria†  Ireland (6)	T-Mobile, O2, Orange
July 2008	Australia†  Austria†  Belgium‡  Canada†  Denmark  Finland  Hong Kong†‡  Italy†‡  Japan  Mexico  Netherlands  New Zealand  Norway†‡  Portugal†  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland† (23)	3, movistar, Optus, Orange (Mobistar, One, Optimus), Rogers Communications (Fido Solutions,[88] Rogers Wireless), SoftBank, Swisscom, América Móvil (Telcel), TIM, TeliaSonera (NetCom), Telstra, T-Mobile, Vodafone
August 2008	Argentina†  Chile†  Colombia†  Czech Republic†‡  Ecuador†  El Salvador†  Estonia  Greece†‡  Guatemala†  Honduras  Hungary  India†  Liechtenstein†  Macau  Paraguay  Peru†  Philippines  Poland†  Romania  Singapore  Slovakia†  Uruguay† (45)	3, América Móvil (Claro, Comcel, Porta), Era, movistar, O2, Orange, Singtel, Bharti Airtel, Aircel, Globe, Smart – December 2011, Swisscom, TeliaSonera (EMT), T-Mobile, Vodafone, Telenor
September 2008	Brazil†‡  Latvia  Lithuania  South Africa  Turkey† (50)	TIM, América Móvil (Claro), TeliaSonera (LMT, Omnitel), Turkcell, Vivo, Vodafone (Vodacom), MTN Group, Oi
October 2008	Luxembourg†  Russia‡ (52)	Beeline, MegaFon, MTS
November 2008	Croatia  Egypt† (54)	T-Mobile, Vodafone, Mobinil
Later 2008	Botswana  Cameroon  Central African Republic  Dominican Republic†  Guinea  Ivory Coast  Jamaica  Jordan  Kenya  Madagascar  Mali  Malta  Mauritius  Republic of Moldova  Nicaragua†  Niger  Panama  Réunion  Taiwan†  Qatar  Senegal  United States Virgin Islands  Venezuela (79)	América Móvil (Claro, MiPhone), Chunghwa Telecom, movistar, Orange, Vodafone
January 2009	Thailand (80)	True Move
February 2009	Saudi Arabia  United Arab Emirates (82)	Mobily, Etisalat, du
March 2009	Bulgaria  Republic of North Macedonia  Indonesia†  Malaysia (86)	GLOBUL, T-Mobile, Telkomsel, Maxis
October 2009	People’s Republic of China†[89] (87)	China Unicom
November 2009	South Korea[90] (88)	KT
December 2009	Guam[91]  Qatar  Uganda  Israel (92)  Singapore	GTA Teleguam, Vodafone, Orange, Pelephone, Cellcom, StarHub, M1
March 2010	Vietnam[92]  Armenia (94)[93]	Viettel Mobile, MobiFone, VinaPhone, Orange
September 2010	Tunisia[94] (95)	Orange
June 2011	Slovenia[95]  Trinidad & Tobago[96] (97)	Simobil (now A1), Telekom Slovenije, bmobile
December 2013	Sri Lanka[97]	Dialog Axiata
May 2014	Kosovo[98] (98)	IPKO
October 2014	Serbia	MTS, Telenor Serbia, Vip Mobile

† iPhone offered by multiple carriers under contract from Apple (country not carrier-exclusive)

‡ iPhone offered without contract and without carrier lock

§ MVNO with O₂

Activation and SIM lock bypassing[edit]

Intellectual property[edit]

Apple has filed more than 200 patent applications related to the technology behind the iPhone.^[99][100]

LG Electronics claimed the design of the iPhone was copied from the LG Prada. Woo-Young Kwak, head of LG Mobile Handset R&D Center, said at a press conference: «we consider that Apple copied Prada phone after the design was unveiled when it was presented in the iF Design Award and won the prize in September 2006.»^[101] Conversely, the iPhone has also inspired its own share of high-tech clones.^[102]

On September 3, 1993, Infogear filed for the U.S. trademark «I PHONE»^[103] and on March 20, 1996, applied for the trademark «IPhone».^[104] «I Phone» was registered in March 1998,^[103] and «IPhone» was registered in 1999.^[104] Since then, the I PHONE mark had been abandoned.^[103] Infogear trademarks cover «communications terminals comprising computer hardware and software providing integrated telephone, data communications and personal computer functions» (1993 filing),^[103] and «computer hardware and software for providing integrated telephone communication with computerized global information networks» (1996 filing).^[105]

In 2000, Infogear filed an infringement claim against the owners of the iPhones.com domain name.^[106] The owners of the iPhones.com domain name challenged the infringement claim in the Northern District Court of California. In June 2000, Cisco Systems acquired Infogear, including the iPhone trademark.^[107] In September 2000, Cisco Systems settled with the owners of iPhones.com and allowed the owners to keep the iPhones.com domain name along with intellectual property rights to use any designation of the iPhones.com domain name for the sale of cellular phones, cellular phones with Internet access (WAP PHONES), handheld PDAs, storage devices, computer equipment (hardware/software), and digital cameras (hardware/software). The intellectual property rights were granted to the owners of the iPhones.com domain name by Cisco Systems in September 2000.

In October 2002, Apple applied for the «iPhone» trademark in the United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, and the European Union. A Canadian application followed in October 2004, and a New Zealand application in September 2006. As of October 2006, only the Singapore and Australian applications had been granted.

In September 2006, a company called Ocean Telecom Services applied for an «iPhone» trademark in the United States, United Kingdom, and Hong Kong, following a filing in Trinidad and Tobago.^[108] As the Ocean Telecom trademark applications use exactly the same wording as the New Zealand application of Apple, it is assumed that Ocean Telecom is applying on behalf of Apple.^[109] The Canadian application was opposed in August 2005, by a Canadian company called Comwave who themselves applied for the trademark three months later. Comwave has been selling VoIP devices called iPhone since 2004.^[107]

Shortly after Steve Jobs’ January 9, 2007, announcement that Apple would be selling a product called iPhone in June 2007, Cisco issued a statement that it had been negotiating trademark licensing with Apple and expected Apple to agree to the final documents that had been submitted the night before.^[110] On January 10, 2007, Cisco announced it had filed a lawsuit against Apple over the infringement of the trademark iPhone, seeking an injunction in federal court to prohibit Apple from using the name.^[111] In February 2007, Cisco claimed that the trademark lawsuit was a «minor skirmish» that was not about money, but about interoperability.^[112]

On February 2, 2007, Apple and Cisco announced that they had agreed to temporarily suspend litigation while they held settlement talks,^[113] and subsequently announced on February 20, 2007, that they had reached an agreement. Both companies will be allowed to use the «iPhone» name^[114] in exchange for «exploring interoperability» between their security, consumer, and business communications products.^[115]

On October 22, 2009, Nokia filed a lawsuit against Apple for infringement of its GSM, UMTS and WLAN patents. Nokia alleges that Apple has been violating ten Nokia patents since the iPhone initial release.^[116]

In December 2010, Reuters reported that some iPhone and iPad users were suing Apple Inc. because some applications were passing user information to third-party advertisers without permission. Some makers of the applications such as Textplus4, Paper Toss, The Weather Channel, Dictionary.com, Talking Tom Cat and Pumpkin Maker have also been named as co-defendants in the lawsuit.^[117]

In August 2012, Apple won a smartphone patent lawsuit in the U.S. against Samsung, the world’s largest maker of smartphones;^[118] however, on December 6, 2016, SCOTUS reversed the decision that awarded nearly $400 million to Apple and returned the case to Federal Circuit court to define the appropriate legal standard to define «article of manufacture» because it is not the smartphone itself but could be just the case and screen to which the design patents relate.^[119]

Legal battles over brand name[edit]

In Mexico, the trademark iFone was registered in 2003 by a communications systems and services company, iFone.^[120] Apple tried to gain control over its brand name, but a Mexican court denied the request. The case began in 2009, when the Mexican firm sued Apple. The Supreme Court of Mexico upheld that iFone is the rightful owner and held that Apple iPhone is a trademark violation.^[121]

In Brazil, the brand IPHONE was registered in 2000 by the company then called Gradiente Eletrônica S.A., now IGB Eletrônica S.A. According to the filing, Gradiente foresaw the revolution in the convergence of voice and data over the Internet at the time.^[122] The final battle over the brand name concluded in 2008. On December 18, 2012, IGB launched its own line of Android smartphones under the tradename to which it has exclusive rights in the local market.^[122] In February 2013, the Brazilian Patent and Trademark Office (known as «Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial») issued a ruling that Gradiente Eletrônica, not Apple, owned the «iPhone» mark in Brazil. The «iPhone» term was registered by Gradiente in 2000, seven years before Apple’s release of its first iPhone. This decision came three months after Gradiente Eletrônica launched a lower-cost smartphone using the iPhone brand.^[123] In June 2014, Apple won, for the second time, the right to use the brand name in Brazil. The court ruling determined that the Gradiente’s registration does not own exclusive rights on the brand. Although Gradiente intended to appeal, with the decision Apple can use freely the brand without paying royalties to the Brazilian company.^[124]

In the Philippines, Solid Group launched the MyPhone brand in 2007. Stylized as «my|phone», Solid Broadband filed a trademark application of that brand. Apple later filed a trademark case at the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) against Solid Broadband’s MyPhone for «confusingly similar» to the iPhone and that it may likely «deceive» or «cause confusion» among consumers. Apple lost the trademark battle to Solid Group in a 2015 decision made by IPO director Nathaniel Arevalo, who also reportedly said that it was unlikely that consumers would be confused between the «iPhone» and the «MyPhone». «This is a case of a giant trying to claim more territory than what it is entitled to, to the great prejudice of a local ‘Pinoy Phone’ merchant who has managed to obtain a significant foothold in the mobile phone market through the marketing and sale of innovative products under a very distinctive trademark», Arevalo later added.^[125][126]

See also[edit]

• Timeline of Apple Inc. products
•  Telephones portal

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Brian Merchant (2018). The One Device: The Secret History of the iPhone. Back Bay Books. ISBN 978-0-316-54624-9.

Смартфоны Apple можно любить — еще проще их ненавидеть. Чего точно нельзя делать — отрицать, что релиз первого iPhone разделил историю мобильных устройств на «до» и «после». Зоопарк из гаджетов в разных форматах сменился однотипными брусками с дисплеем на всю фронтальную часть. Вот она — революция.

• В тему: Не iPhone 7s, а iPhone 8 — что значила буква «S» и почему Apple отказалась от неё в названиях

Инфографика: ключевые нововведения всех смартфонов серии

2007: iPhone

Apple представила первый iPhone в начале января 2007 года. Прекрасно помню лето этого года, когда как раз собирался поменять свой потасканный гаджет. Выбор встал именно между ним и Nokia N73 с приставкой ME. Неизвестный девайс с сенсорным экраном показался мне крайне странным, поэтому я уверенно прошел мимо. Сложно сказать, что пожалел, ведь дебютный «смартфон» компании из Купертино ощутимо проигрывал очередному детищу финов: даже рядом не стоял по громкости внешних динамиков, не поддерживал установку стороннего софта, не умел снимать видео и официально не продавался на постсоветских просторах.

Оригинальный iPhone стал наследником iPod. Кроме возможности воспроизводить аудио и видео он также получил браузер для интернет-серфинга и приложение «Телефон». Но куда интереснее оказался емкостный сенсорный экран и минимальное число физических кнопок — именно этим он начал покорять мир.

Конструктивно оригинальный iPhone состоял из алюминиевой тыльной части с пластиковой вставкой, которая прикрывала антенны. По бокам были кнопки питания и регулировки громкости, рычажок для переключения режимов. Фронтальную панель занимал 3,5-дюймовый экран с кнопкой «Домой», для которой нашлось место внизу.

Интересные факты про iPhone в этом году:

• несмотря на то, что важной частью первого iPhone должен был статьи интернет-серфинг, он не поддерживал технологию 3G, которой уже могли похвастаться конкуренты;
• по безопасности дебютный смартфон Apple ощутимо проигрывал коммуникаторам BlackBerry, поэтому не особенно привлекал бизнес-пользователей;
• iPhone на старте не поддерживал сообщения MMS, которые не пользовались большой популярностью, но в итоге научился передавать их с помощью стороннего приложения, которое к нему сумели прикрутить умельцы;
• оригинальный iPhone в народе многие знают как iPhone 2G, хотя Apple его так никогда не называла.

2008: iPhone 3G

iPhone 3G — первый смартфон Apple, который официально продавался на территории России. Как понятно из названия, его главным нововведением стала поддержка технологии скоростного, как для того времени, мобильного интернета. Сегодня немногие помнят, что, кроме прочего, он получил поддержку GPS и A-GPS, а также научился применять их в картографических сервисах. В общем и целом, кроме этого гаджет слабо отличался от предшественника по аппаратному и программному обеспечению. Единственное, многих реально расстраивал пластиковый корпус, на который Apple пришлось перейти с металлического. На этом, в общем-то, все.

Интересные факты про iPhone в этом году:

• сложно сказать, что даже iPhone 3G рынок принимал с распростертыми объятиями, но Apple лихо расширяла географию стран, в которых можно были приобрести ее смартфоны — в 2008 году их уже было около 70;
• iPhone 3G был представлен во время WWDC 2008 — Apple уже тогда прекрасно понимала, что залогом успеха гаджета должно стать именно программное обеспечение, поэтому, в первую очередь, показывала устройство разработчикам.

2009: iPhone 3GS

Спустя год после предыдущего смартфона компания выпустила iPhone 3GS — местом презентации в очередной раз оказалась конференция разработчиков WWDC. Буква «S» в названии означала «speed» или «скорость» — по заверениям Apple, ее новый смартфон работал до двух разах быстрее, чем предшественник. В гаджет были встроены более емкий аккумулятор, а также новый «глазок» камеры, который наконец-то научился записывать видео. Он практически не отличался от предшественника по внешнему виду, но также мог похвастаться объемом хранилища — предлагал до 32 ГБ постоянной памяти. Устройство уже выглядело убедительно, но никто даже предположить не мог, что было дальше.

Интересные факты про iPhone в этом году:

• несмотря на то, что смартфоны Apple официально продавались в России, они появлялись здесь с большим запозданием (к примеру, iPhone 3GS запустили только 5 марта 2010 года или через 9 месяцев после презентации) — судя по всему, именно это стало причиной настолько активного развития серого рынка техники производителя;
• эта и предыдущая модели iPhone также положили начало истории критических проблем смартфонов Apple — к примеру, у них неизбежно лопался их пластиковый корпус.

2010: iPhone 4

Именно это поколение смартфонов Apple в кругах технологических энтузиастов принято считать наиболее успешным. В этом нет ничего удивительного, ведь гаджет не только выглядел потрясающе, но и обладал целым набором из внушительных аппаратных нововведений. Во-первых, он представлял собой сэндвич из стальной рамки и стеклянных фронтальной и тыльных панелей — ничего подобного не делал никто из конкурентов. Во-вторых, он отличался экраном с невероятной четкостью — Apple назвала его Retina, по «легенде» при его плотности в 326 пикселей на дюйм рассмотреть отдельные точки невооруженным глазом было практически невозможно.

Конечно, нельзя было обойти вниманием и камеру на 5 Мп с автофокусом и LED-вспышкой. В 2010 году стало понятно, что Apple не планирует отставать в возможностях съемки, и качество фотографий уже тогда действительно удивляло. iPhone 4 удалось продать в количестве 3 миллионов лишь в течении первых недель.

Интересные факты про iPhone в этом году:

• главным недоразумениям iPhone 4 был неуверенный прием сотового сигнала — если взять девайс в руку определенным образом, этот показатель ощутимо опускался;
• чтобы на 100% решить проблему с качеством сигнала, в Apple придумали особенный вид защитных чехлов — бамперы, которые прикрывали лишь боковую рамку;
• одним из первых владельцев iPhone 4 на территории России оказался Дмитрий Медведев, который получил его лично от Стива Джобса.

2011: iPhone 4s

Именно с этого смартфона Apple началось лично мое тесное знакомство с iPhone — до сегодняшнего дня на гаджеты других производителей бесповоротно и окончательно переезжать даже не пробовал. Это поколение гаджетов уже представлял не Стив Джобс, а Тим Кук — основатель компании умер на следующий день после презентации. Именно этот гаджет принято считать последним в классической линейке смартфонов производителя. В дальнейшем он отказался от многих принципов — к примеру, от 3,5-дюймового экрана, который считался идеальным для использования одной рукой. Apple начала переходить в новую эру.

В техническом плане этот гаджет получил не так много нововведений. Он лишился проблемы с приемом сигнала, получил современный двухъядерный процессор и камеру на 8 Мп. Объем его оперативной памяти достиг отметки в 512 МБ, и работал девайс действительно очень проворно.

Интересные факты про iPhone в этом году:

• буква «s» в названии гаджета говорила о том, что он научился работать в голосовым ассистентом Siri — прекрасно помню, как мы регулярно спрашивали его, где можно спрятать труп;
• Siri на русском не работал на протяжении более чем четырех лет.

2012: iPhone 5

iPhone 5 значительно изменился внешне. Вместо стеклянной задней панели он получил алюминиевую. У него также был увеличенный до 4 дюймов экран — он вырос в высоту, и вместо соотношения сторон 4 к 3 использовал формат 16 к 9. Именно это больше всего заботило как фанатов компании, так и ее хейтеров. В обзорах того времени больше всего тестов было связано именно с тем, насколько удобно использовать подобное устройство одной рукой. Стало понятно, что Apple под руководством нового генерального директора начала отходить от своих же традиций. К чему это в итоге привело, вы видите сегодня.

В техническом плане это устройство не было большим прорывом. Экран сохранил большую плотность в 326 пикселей на дюйм, объем оперативной памяти увеличился до 1 ГБ, смартфон начал использовать SIM-карты формата Nano, он получил поддержку сетей четвертого поколения (LTE).

Интересные факты про iPhone в этом году:

• iPhone 5 выпускался в двух цветовых вариантах: белом и черном — во втором алюминий был покрашен методом анодирования, и краска с него уверенно слезала при малейшем контакте с чем только можно.

2013: iPhone 5s, iPhone 5c

В 2013 году в Apple поняли, что рынку нужно разнообразие. Тем не менее, попытку обеспечить его в полной мере сложно назвать особенно удачной. Компания запустила сразу две новые модели смартфонов. Первый — iPhone 5s, который представлял собой логическое продолжение iPhone 5 с эволюционным развитием в плане технических характеристик. Второй — iPhone 5c, который представлял собой практически полную копию iPhone 5 по спецификациям, но отличался пластиковым корпусом в широком разнообразии цветов.

Конечно, вместо пластикового iPhone 5c было логичнее купить металлический iPhone 5, который все еще можно было найти в магазинах. Более того, от новинки ждали более доступной стоимости, которой получилось бы обосновать даунгрейд в качестве материалов, но она была дешевле флагмана всего на 100 долларов.

Интересные факты про модели iPhone в этом году:

• приставка «с» в модели iPhone 5c означала «сolor» — «цвет»;
• iPhone 5s стал первым смартфоном Apple, который использовал 64-разрядный процессор;
• в iPhone 5s, кроме прочего, использовался сканер отпечатков пальцев Touch ID — он был встроен в кнопку «Домой»;
• приставка «s» в модели iPhone 5s означала «security» — «безопасность».

2014: iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus

В 2014 году Apple запустила два смартфона с новыми диагоналями: 4,7-дюймовый iPhone 6 и 5,5-дюймовый iPhone 6 Plus. Они практически не отличались по техническим характеристикам и больше всего удивляли именно своим размером. Всего пару лет назад в компании убеждали всех, что смартфон должно быть комфортно использовать одной рукой. Тем не менее, тогда это было попросту невозможно сделать. Прекрасно помню, как откровенно боялся менять свой iPhone 5s на обычный iPhone 6 именно потому, что он был слишком большим. Тем не менее, мне все же пришлось это сделать, и я ни капли не пожалел.

Интересные факты про модели iPhone в этом году:

• в iPhone 6 Apple также внедрила технологию NFC и возможность бесконтактной оплаты с помощью смартфона — тем не менее, немногие из русскоязычных пользователей помнят конкретно этот момент, потому что в России и ближайших странах Apple Pay появился сильно позже;
• iPhone 6 Plus считается крайне неудачным смартфоном — его аппаратная часть очень непроворно справлялась с увеличенным экраном и большим разрешением;
• iPhone 6 и iPhone 6 Plus было достаточно просто согнуть пополам, поэтому в сети хватало роликов от умельцев, которые пытались хайпануть на этом.

2015: iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus

iPhone 6s и iPhone 6s Plus стали эволюционным продолжением предыдущих моделей. К числу их интересных нововведений можно отнести более прочный металл, который нельзя было так просто согнуть пополам, а также увеличенный вдвое объем оперативной памяти. Но больше всего запомнилось внедрение технологии 3D Touch, которая контролировала силу нажатия на экран. На базе нее было реализовано достаточно много программных фишек, которые первоначально не были доступны для предыдущих моделей iPhone. Жаль, но в итоге в Apple решили отказаться от технологии, поэтому сегодня она в смартфонах уже не используется.

Интересные факты про модели iPhone в этом году:

• приставка «s» в данном случае означала «strong» — «сильный».

2016: iPhone SE, iPhone 7, iPhone 7 Plus

Весной 2016 года Apple представила iPhone SE, который фактически представлял собой iPhone 5s с аппаратной начинкой iPhone 6s. Девайс был предназначен для тех, кому не подходил увеличенный размер экрана в смартфонах Apple. Более того, спустя время его цена ощутимо опустилась, и его покупали еще и поэтому.

Осенью этого же года компания представила iPhone 7 и iPhone 7 Plus. Кроме увеличения скорости работы первый отличался от iPhone 6s новыми цветами корпуса, а вот у второго была еще и дополнительная тыльная камера — телевик с двукратным оптическим приближением изображения, а также возможность создания портретных снимков. Более того, обе модели могли похвастаться защитой от влаги по стандарту IP67, а также имитацией полноценного стерео — во время воспроизведения музыки к процессу также подключался разговорный динамик, который создавал ощущение объемного звучания.

Интересные факты про модели iPhone в этом году:

• 3,5-мм аудиовыход — именно от него Apple отказалась в iPhone 7 и iPhone 7 Plus: сегодня это не вызывает нареканий, но тогда этот вопрос обсуждали очень многие;
• iPhone 7 и iPhone 7 Plus работали на базе чипсета Apple A10 Fusion, который до сих пор используется в Apple TV 4K, а также до 2020 года устанавливался в доступные модели iPad;
• iPhone 7 (Plus) также отличаются заменой физической кнопки «Домой» на сенсорную — она «подзвучивается» с помощью специального тактильного моторчика Taptic Engine и дает ощущение нажатия без такового.

2017: iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, iPhone X

2017 год в истории смартфонов Apple был крайне удивительным. Компания решила не выпускать iPhone 7s (Plus): она в очередной раз нарушила свои же традиции и запустила линейку iPhone 8 (Plus). От предшественников они, в большей степени, отличались лишь новым чипсетом, а также использованием стеклянной тыльной панели. Последнее было нужно для беспроводной зарядки, которая наконец-то появилась и в смартфонах Apple. Настолько небольшие изменения явно не тянули на новое номерное поколение гаджетов, но компания, судя по всему, в этом году решила стать максимально непредсказуемой.

Конечно, гвоздем презентации новых смартфонов в этом году стал особенный One more thing… Речь про iPhone X, который оказался действительно новым и точно интересным. Для этого было несколько причин: во-первых, компания перешла на условно безрамочный форм-фактор, уменьшив расстояние до границ корпуса вокруг дисплея; во-вторых, вместо технологии IPS она начала использовать OLED; в-третьих, для биометрической аутентификации начал применяться сканер лица Face ID в вырезе экрана, который заменил сенсор отпечатков пальцев Touch ID. В общем, девайс и выглядел иначе, и ощущался абсолютно по-новому.

• В тему: Как iPhone X изменил мобильную индустрию

Интересные факты про модели iPhone в этом году:

• у iPhone X была еще одна интересная деталь — рамка из полированной стали, которая заменила собой алюминиевую;
• новый формат экрана iPhone X с соотношением сторон 18 к 9 предполагал необходимость адаптации софта из App Store, и разработчики достаточно долго и очень неохотно занимались этим.

2018: iPhone XR, iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max

К 2018 году в Apple поняли, что пользователям понравился формат безрамочных смартфонов, но они не особенно оценили его высокую стоимость. Поэтому инженеры увеличили рамки вокруг экрана, установили относительно дешевую IPS-матрицу, вдвое сократили число тыльных камер и не стали использовать полированную сталь — в результате появился более дешевый iPhone XR. Чтобы увеличить число потенциальных владельцев, компания им еще и целую россыпь вариантов расцветки предложила. Результат не заставил себя долго ждать, и гаджет стал одним из самых продаваемых.

Конечно, Apple не стала отказываться от премиального формата, поэтому также выпустила iPhone XS — главного наследника iPhone X, который получил лишь эволюционные изменения. Куда интереснее оказался iPhone XS Max — новый флагманский формат. Девайсы из этой отдельной линейки получили корпус размером с серию Plus, но экран почти без рамок. Результат получился достаточно интересным — сам ходил с таким около года и без проблем обходился без планшета. Все же 6,5 дюйма — внушительная диагональ, которая дает возможность использовать гаджет действительно эффективно.

Интересные факты про модели iPhone в этом году:

• линейка iPhone XS впервые обзавелась максимальным накопителем на 512 ГБ встроенной памяти — настолько много Apple в смартфоны до этого не устанавливала;
• все гаджеты, которые вышли в этом году, кроме прочего, также получили поддержку eSIM — электронных SIM-карт, активно внедряющихся ведущими операторами из разных уголков мира (китайские версии начали комплектовать слотом под две физические SIM-карты).

2019: iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro, iPhone 11 Pro Max

2019-й стал годом сверхширокоугольных камер — Apple добавила их во все смартфоны, которые выпустила: iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro, iPhone 11 Pro Max. Да, обратите внимание: в компании применили другой подход к неймингу — разделили линейку на обычные гаджеты и профессиональные. В остальном смартфоны оказались лишь эволюционным продолжением того, что было в 2018-м: улучшенные процессоры, новые режимы съемки и не очень много чего еще. Да, в серии Pro появился максимально желанный зеленый цвет и матовая обработка, но это сложно назвать невероятным новшеством.

Кстати, стоит отметить, что с точки зрения сверхширокоугольной камеры линейка iPhone 11 показала себя лишь в роли догоняющего. У этого модуля оказалась не особенно широкая диафрагма, поэтому снимки получались достаточно посредственными — особенно ночью. Да, в этом году я выбрал обычный iPhone 11, на Pro переходить не стал.

Интересные факты про модели iPhone в этом году:

• именно в 2019 году в iPhone появился ночной режим — его получили только свежие гаджеты, и они действительно научились хорошо снимать ночью.

2020: iPhone SE 2-го поколения, iPhone 12 mini, iPhone 12, iPhone 12 Pro, iPhone 12 Pro Max

В начале 2020 года мир увидел iPhone SE 2-го поколения. Поклонники Apple ждали от него минимальной стоимости и продвинутых аппаратных особенностей — например, Face ID и экран с минимальными рамками. Первое они точно получили, второе — лишь частично. Да, новинка обзавелась флагманским по тем временам процессором Apple A13 Bionic, но в остальном она целиком и полностью повторила iPhone 8, который уже тогда можно было считать классическим или, если будет угодно, устаревшим. Тем не менее, в разгар COVID-19 им было действительно удобно пользоваться из-за Touch ID вместо сканера лица, который оказался практически бесполезным с защитной маской.

Осенью 2020 года Apple представила сразу четыре новых смартфона, каждый из которых получил поддержку 5G: 5,4-дюймовый iPhone 12 mini, 6,1-дюймовые iPhone 12 и iPhone 12 Pro, а также 6,7-дюймовый iPhone 12 Pro Max. Первую пару можно считать условно доступной, вторую — флагманской. Главным нововведением всей линейки стал дизайн с рубленными гранями, который оказался отсылкой к iPhone 4 и iPhone 5. Более того, на данном этапе Apple отказалась от IPS-экранов и перешла на OLED — этот факт не оценили только те, кто ощущает эффект ШИМ: он оказался не настолько критичным, но все же остался заметным.

• В тему: Что такое ШИМ: почему от экранов многих смартфонов болит голова

От базовой линейка Pro, как и раньше, отличается использованием стали вместо алюминия, наличием телевика, а также особенного датчика LiDAR родом из iPad Pro. Последний используется для создания портретных снимков с использованием ночного режима — он сканирует пространство и определяет очертания объектов.

Интересные факты про модели iPhone в этом году:

• основная широкоугольная камера всех iPhone 12 получила увеличенный размер диафрагмы — f/1,6 против f/1,8 у предшественников;
• вместе с линейкой iPhone 12 Apple также начала внедрение экосистемы аксессуаров под названием MagSafe — она основана на магнитном подключении зарядок и других гаджетов к задней поверхности смартфонов;
• в этом году Apple отказалась от блока питания и наушников в комплекте iPhone.